Analysis of Macroscopic Cavitation Characteristics of a Self-Excited Oscillating Cavitation Jet Nozzle

Zhao, Y.; Li, G.; Zhao, F.; Wang, X.; Xu, W.

doi:10.47176/jafm.16.11.1923

Analysis of Macroscopic Cavitation Characteristics of a Self-Excited Oscillating Cavitation Jet Nozzle

Document Type : Regular Article

Authors

¹ School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China

² GongQing Institute of Science and Technology, Gongqingcheng Shi, Jiangxi 332020, China

³ Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China

⁴ School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China

10.47176/jafm.16.11.1923

Abstract

The self-excited oscillating cavitation jet nozzle (SEOCJN) serves as a crucial component for converting hydrostatic energy into dynamic pressure energy and ensuring optimal hydraulic and cavitation performance of cavitating jets. Thus, it is of crucial significance to understand the cavitation characteristics and the influence law of SEOCJN for its extensive industrial applications. This paper utilizes numerical simulation methods to analyze the dynamic process of cavitation initiation, development, and outlet cavitation performance of SEOCJN. It explores the effects of inlet pressure and flow rate on the frequency characteristics of SEOCJN, and establishes a mathematical relationship between self-excited oscillation frequency and outlet flow frequency. The results indicate that the self-excited oscillation nozzle has an inlet diameter (D₁) of 4.7 mm, an outlet diameter (D₂) of 12.2 mm, a length (L) of 52 mm, a chamber diameter (D) of 83 mm, an oscillation angle of 120°, and an inlet pressure (P_in) of 4.8 MPa. At these parameters, the frequency of the pulse jet reaches 830.01 Hz, with an internal flow period of approximately 0.0024 s. The maximum vapor volume fraction is found to be located 0.28 m from the outlet of the SEOCJN. Furthermore, the frequency of self-excited oscillation pulse increases with an increase in inlet pressure. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the industrial application of self-excited oscillation cavitation jet nozzles.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Cavitation

References

Arthurs, D., & Ziada, S. (2013). Effect of nozzle thickness on the self-excited impinging planar jet. Journal of Fluids＆Structures, 44(7), 1-16.##

Bai, X., Cao, P. J., Li, Q. L., & Cheng, P. (2022). Generation and transmission mechanisms of disturbance inside injector during self-pulsation. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 43, 126523. https://doi.org/10.7527/S10006893.2021.26523.##

Feng, C., Wang, Y., & Kong, L. R. (2022). Effects of pulsating fluid at nozzle inlet on the output characteristics of common and self‐excited oscillation nozzle. Energy Science & Engineering, 10, 3189-3200. https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.1213##

Li, D., Kong, Y., Ding, X. L., Wang, X. C., & Liu, W. C. (2017). Effects of feeding pipe diameter on the performance of a jet-driven Helmholtz oscillator generating pulsed waterjets. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 31(3), 1203-1212. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-017-0219-9.##

Li, D., Kang, Y., Ding, X. L., Wang, X. H., & Fang, Z. L. (2016). Effects of area discontinuity at nozzle inlet on the characteristics of high speed self-excited oscillation pulsed waterjets. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 79, 254-265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2016.07.013##

Li, D. Z., Kang, Y., Shi, H. Q., Hu, Y., Liu, Q., Li, H. C., Hu, J. C., & Li, J. M. (2022). Cavitation cloud dynamic characteristics of dual-chamber self-excited oscillatory waterjet. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 39(12), 3214-3226. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-022-1258-1##

Shi, D. Y., Xing, Y. L., Wang, L. F., & Chen, Z. (2022). Numerical simulation and experimental research of cavitation jets in dual-chamber self-excited oscillating pulsed nozzles. Shock and Vibration, https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1268288.##

Zhang, F. B., & Wang, S. (2020). Numerical analysis for jet impingement and heat transfer law of self-excited pulsed nozzle. ISIJ International, 60, 2485-2492.##

Zhao, F. J., Wang, X. L., Xu, W., Zhao, Y. Y., Zhao, G. H., & Zhu, H. (2021). Study on different parameters of the self-excited oscillation nozzle for cavitation effect under multiphase mixed transport conditions. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 9, 1159. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9111159.##

Gao, Y. Q., Zhou, S. Q., Qi, L., & Yin, Q. Q. (2022). Investigation on mechanism breaking fuel jet of self-excited oscillation pulse nozzle. Journal of Jilin University (Engineering and Technology Edition). https://doi.org/10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb20220960.##

Li, G. S., Zhang, D. B., Huang, Z. W., Niu, J. L., Zhang, W. W., Gao, G. Q., & An, S. L. (2003). Self-excited oscillating water injection: mechanisms and experiments. Petroleum Science and Technology, 21, 145-155. https://doi.org/10.1081/LFT-120016938.##

Li, H. S., Liu, S. Y., Jia, J. G., Wang, F. C., & Guo, C. W. (2020). Numerical simulation of rock-breaking under the impact load of self-excited oscillating pulsed waterjet. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 96, 103179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2019.103179.##

Lai, S., & Liao, Z. (2013). The theory and experimental study of the self-excited oscillation pulsed jet nozzle (Pipeline Pulsed Flow Generator). Natural Resources, 4(5), 395-403. https://doi.org/10.4236/nr.2013.45049.##

Liao, Z., Li, J., Chen, D., Deng, X., Tang, C., & Zhang, F. H. (2003). Theory and experimental study of the self-excited oscillation pulsed jet nozzle. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 16(4), 379-383. https://doi.org/10.3901/CJME.2003.04.379.##

Nan, N., Si, D. Q., & Hu, G. H. (2018). Nanoscale cavitation in perforation of cellular membrane by shock-wave induced nanobubble collapse. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 149, 074902. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5037643.##

Prabhakar, K., Srijna, S., & Reddy, S. R. (2022). Assessment of unsteady cavitating flow around modified NACA4412 hydrofoil. Ocean Engineering, 266(4), 113039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.113039.##

Liu, S., Liu, Z., Cui, X. X., & Jiang, H. X. (2014). Rock breaking of conical cutter with assistance of front and rear water jet. Tunnellling and Underground Space Technology 42, 78-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2014.02.002.##

Zhang, S., Fu, B. W., & Sun, L. (2021). Investigation of the Jet characteristics and pulse mechanism of self-excited oscillating pulsed jet nozzle. Processes, 9, 1423. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9081423.##

Thomas, J. K. (2005). An ovrview of waterjet fundamentals and applications. Waterjet Technology Association, St. Louis.##

Adhikari, U., Goliaei, A., & Berkowitz, M. L. (2015). Mechanism of membrane poration by shock wave induced nanobubble collapse: A molecular dynamics study. Journal of Physical Chemistry B 119, 6225-6234. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b02218.##

Wang, X. C., Li, Y. Q., Hu, Y., Ding, X. L., Xiang, M. J., & Li, D. (2020). An experimental study on the jet pressure performance of organ-Helmholtz (o-h), self-excited oscillating nozzles. Energies, 13(2), 367. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13020367.##

Wang, Z. H., Hu, Y. N., Rao, C. G., & Deng, X. G. (2017). Numerical analysis of cavitation effects of self-excited oscillation pulse nozzles and jet forms. China Mechanical Engineering, 28(13), 1535-1541. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2017.13.004.##

Xu, W., Zhu, R. S., Wang, J., Fu, Q., Wang, X. L., Zhao, Y. Y., & Zhao, G. H. (2022). Molecular dynamics simulations of the distance between the cavitation bubble and benzamide wall impacting collapse characteristics. Journal of Cleaner Production, 352, 131633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131633.##

Wu, R. Z., Yang, F., Pei, K. C., & Pan, Y. (2022). Structure optimization of self-oscillation pulse nozzle based on multi-objective particle swarm optimization. Coal Mine Machinery, 43 (4), 114-116. https://doi.org/10.13436/j.mkjx.202204036.##

Xiang, M. J., Wang, X. C., Li, D., Chen, H., & Qian, L. (2020). Effects of Helmholtz upper nozzle outlet structure on jet oscillation characteristics. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 39(7), 74-80. https://doi.org/10.13465/j.enki.jvs.2020.07.011.##

Zhang, X. J., Li, X. Q., Nie, S. L., Wang, L. P., & Dong, J. H. (2021). Study on velocity and pressure characteristics of self-excited oscillating nozzle. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 5, 43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-020-02717-4.##

Lu, Y., Tang, J., Ge, Z., Xia, B., & Liu, Y. (2013). Hard rock drilling technique with abrasive water jet assistance, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 60, 47-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2012.12.021.##

Qu, Y. P., & Chen, S. Y. (2017). Orthogonal experimental research on the structural parameters of a self-excited pulsed cavitation nozzle. European Journal of Mechanics B/Fluids. 65, 179-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euromechflu.2017.03.01.##

Lu, Y. Y., Li, X. H., &bYang, L. (2004). Effects of gas content in fluid on oscillating frequencies of self-excited oscillation water jets. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 126(6), 1058-1061. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1839925.##

Wang, Y., & Chen, X. Z. (2022). Evaluation of wind loads on high-rise buildings at various angles of attack by wall-modeled large-eddy simulation. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 229, 105160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2022.105160.##

Yu, Z. X., Wang, Z. M., Lei, C. B., Zhou, Y. D., & Qiu, X. Q. (2022). Numerical simulation on internal flow field of a self-excited oscillation pulsed jet nozzle with back-flow. Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering, 41(7), 998-1002. https://doi.org/10.13433/j.enki.1003-8728.20200437.##

Zhang, Y. Z., Guo, W. Z., Sun, X. H., Shi, J. F., Xue, J. H., & Wang, L. (2022). Structure optimization of mine self-excited oscillation Nozzle based on CFD. Mining Technology, 22 (3), 197-200. https://doi.org/10.13828/j.cnki.ckjs.2022.03.051.##

Wang, Z. H., Hu, Y. N., Chen, S., Zhou, L., Xu, W. X., & Lien, F. S. (2020). Investigation of self-excited oscillation chamber cavitation effect with special emphasis on wall shape. Transaction of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering, 44, 244-255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.113039.##

Zwart, P. J., Gerber, A. G., & Belamri, T. (2004). A two-phase flow model for predicting cavitation dynamics. International Conference on Multiphase Flow, Yokohama, Japan.##