Ahrens, M. (2016). High Rise Building Fires. National Fire Protection Association. Quincy, USA.##
Brahim, K., B. Mourad, E. C. Afif and B. Ali. (2013). Control of Smoke Flow in a Tunnel. Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics 6(1), 49–60.##
Chaudhary, A., M. K. Tiwari, A. Gupta and S. Kumar (2021). Effect of ventilation on fire growth in diesel-fueled compartment fire. Experimental Heat Transfer, 1-21.##
Chaudhary, A., A. Gupta and S. Kumar (2018). Studies on Jatropha Oil Pool Fire. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress 6, 104-127.##
Chow, W. K. (1996). Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics in Building Services Engineering. Building and Environment 31(5), 425–436.##
Fang, Lui, P. V. Nielsen and H. Brohus (2007). Investigation on Smoke Movement and Smoke Control for Atrium in Green and Sustainable Buildings. Department of Civil Engineering, Aalborg University.##
Gann, R. and N. Bryner (2008). Combustion Products and Their Effects on Life Safety. National Fire Protection Assoc., Quincy, USA.##
Gannouni, S. and R. B. Maad (2016). Prediction of CO Concentration and Maximum Smoke Temperature beneath Ceiling in Tunnel Fire with Different Aspect Ratio. Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics 9(4), 1945–1953.##
Gao, R., A. Li, W. Lei, Y. Zhao, Y. Zhang and B. Deng (2013). A Novel Evacuation Passageway Formed by a Breathing Air Supply Zone Combined with Upward Ventilation. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 392(20), 4793–4803.##
Guo, X., J. Chen, S. You and J. Wei. (2013). Modeling of Pedestrian Evacuation under Fire Emergency Based on an Extended Heterogeneous Lattice Gas Model. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications. 392(9), 1994-2006.##
Hadjisophocleous, G. and Q. Jia. (2009). Comparison of FDS Prediction of Smoke Movement in a 10-Storey Building with Experimental Data. Fire Technology 45, 163–177.##
Hall, J. R. (2011). Fatal Effects of Fire. Fire Analysis and Research Division National Fire Protection Association. Quincy, USA.##
Hu, L. H., N. K. Fong, L. Z. Yang, W. K. Chow, Y. Z. Li and R. Huo (2007). Modeling Fire-Induced Smoke Spread and Carbon Monoxide Transportation in a Long Channel: Fire Dynamics Simulator Comparisons with Measured Data. Journal of Hazardous Materials 140(1–2), 293–298.##
Hurley, M. J., D. T. Gottuk, J. R. Hall and K. Harada. (2015). SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering. 5th ed. Springer.##
Jafari, M. J., A. Karimi, A. E. Usachov and H. K. Moghaddam. (2011). The Fire Simulation in a Road Tunnel. Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics 4(1), 121–138.##
Jeong, B. J. (2014). Combination of CFD and evacuation models for determination of FED and FEC levels. MSc thesis, the Lund University, Lund, Sweden.##
Jie, J., L. Kaiyuan, Z. Wei and H. Ran. (2010). Experimental Investigation on Influence of Smoke Venting Velocity and Vent Height on Mechanical Smoke Exhaust Efficiency. Journal of Hazardous Materials 177(1–3), 209–215.##
Kerber, S. and J. A. Milke (2007). Using FDS to Simulate Smoke Layer Interface Height in a Simple Atrium. Fire Technology 43(1), 45–75.##
Li, L. J., J. Ji, C. G. Fan, J. H. Sun, X. Y. Yuan and W. X. Shi (2014). Experimental Investigation on the Characteristics of Buoyant Plume Movement in a Stairwell with Multiple Openings. Energy and Buildings 68(Part A): 108–120.##
Lim, H. C. (2020) Numerical Study on Natural Ventilation around a Burning Car inside a Tunnel. Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics 14(4), 1065-1076. ##
Lou, B., Y. Qiu and X. Long. (2017). Maximum Smoke Temperature in Non-Smoke Model Evacuation Region for Semi-Transverse Tunnel Fire. Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics 10(4), 1139–1151.##
Mcgrattan, K., S. Hostikka, R. McDermott, J. Floyd, C. Weinschenk and K. Overholt (2015). Fire Dynamics Simulator User’s Guide. National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA.##
NUREG/CR-6850 (EPRI 1011989), EPRI/NRC-RES Fire PRA Methodology for Nuclear Power Facilities, 2005.##
NUREG/CR-7010, Cable Heat Release, Ignition, and Spread in Tray Installations during Fire (CHRISTIFIRE), Phase 1: Horizontal Trays, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 2012.##
Oven, V. A. and N. Cakici (2009). Modelling the Evacuation of a High-Rise Office Building in Istanbul. Fire Safety Journal 44(1), 1–15.##
Pathfinder Software (2019). Linked at https://www.thunderheadeng.com/pathfinde.##
Purser, D. A. (2003). Toxicity Assessment of Combustion Products. In SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, Quincy, USA.##
Pyrosim Software (2019) Linked at https://www.thunderheadeng.com/pyrosim/.##
Qu, X., Q. Meng and Z. Liu (2013). Estimation of Number of Fatalities Caused by Toxic Gases Due to Fire in Road Tunnels. Accident Analysis and Prevention 50, 616–621.##
Shen, T. S., Y. H. Huang and S. W. Chien (2008). Using Fire Dynamic Simulation (FDS) to Reconstruct an Arson Fire Scene. Building and Environment 43(6), 1036–1045.##
Zhang, X., X. Wang and Y. Zhou (2011). Numerical Simulation Study on Bus Fire. In 2011 International Conference on Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering, IEEE, Nanjing, China.##
Xu, Z., X. Lu, H. Guan and A. Ren (2014). A Virtual Reality-Based Fire Training Simulator with Smoke Hazard Assessment Capacity. Advances in Engineering Software 68, 1–8.##
Yan, G., M. Wang, L. Yu, R. Duan and P. Xia (2020). Effects of Ambient Pressure on Smoke Movement Patterns in Vertical Shafts in Tunnel Fires with Natural Ventilation Systems. Building Simulation 13, 931-941.##
Yang, P., C. Li and D. Chen (2013). Fire Emergency Evacuation Simulation Based on Integrated Fire-Evacuation Model with Discrete Design Method. Advances in Engineering Software 65, 101–111.##
Yang J., X. Pan, Z. Wang, M. Hua and J. Jiang (2018). Numerical Study on the Smoke Flow Characterization and Phenomenon of Plug-Holing under Lateral Smoke Exhaust in Tunnel Fire. Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics 11(1), 115-126. ##
Zhang, X.G., Y.C. Guo, C.K. Chan and W.Y. Lin (2007). Numerical Simulations on Fire Spread and Smoke Movement in an Underground Car Park. Building and Environment 42(10), 3466–3475.##
Zhang W., N. Ryder, R.J. Roby and D. Carpenter (2001) Modeling of the Combustion in Compartment Fires Using Large Eddy Simulation Approach. In Proceedings of the 2001 Fall Technical Meeting, Eastern States Section. Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, December.##
Zhao, G., T. Beji and B. Merci. (2017). Study of FDS Simulations of Buoyant Fire-Induced Smoke Movement in a High-Rise Building Stairwell. Fire Safety Journal 91, 276–283.##
Zou, G. W. and W. K. Chow (2005). Evaluation of the Field Model, Fire Dynamics Simulator, for a Specific Experimental Scenario. Journal of Fire Protection Engineering 15(2), 77–92##