Mixed Convection Magnetic Nanofluid Flow past a Rotating Vertical Porous Cone

Wahid, N. S.; Md Arifin, N.; Khashi’ie, N. S.; Pop, I.; Bachok, N.; Hafidz Hafidzuddin, M. E.

doi:10.47176/jafm.15.04.1063

Mixed Convection Magnetic Nanofluid Flow past a Rotating Vertical Porous Cone

Document Type : Regular Article

Authors

¹ Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

² Institute for Mathematical Research, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

³ Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia

⁴ Department of Mathematics, Babeş-Bolyai University, R-400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania

⁵ Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia,43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

10.47176/jafm.15.04.1063

Abstract

Magnetic nanofluids (MNFs) have been the focus of extensive research nowadays owing to their potential usefulness as a transfer medium. This study is concerned with the boundary layer flow and heat transfer of MNF past a rotating vertical cone with the embedment of the porosity regime and mixed convection. The buoyancy opposing flow on the combined free and forced convection is being emphasized in this study to evaluate the behavior of the fluid within this region and predict the point of the boundary layer transition. The initial formulation of the model is simplified appropriately by employing the suitable similarity transformation. The package of bvp4c MATLAB is employed to execute the numerical solutions. Analysis of stability is also reported. Due to the mixed convection parameter, the opposing flow contributes towards two different alternative solutions, but the second solution is not stable. A higher local Nusselt number are achieved by increasing the concentration of magnetic nanofluid up to 2% and enlarging the mixed convection parameter under the influence of the porosity regime in the vertical rotating cone. It has been established in this study that the addition of cobalt ferrite as the magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) is proven to have the ability in enhancing the thermal performance of the fluid.

Keywords

References

Ahmadi, M. H., A. Mirlohi, M. Alhuyi Nazari and R. Ghasempour (2018). A review of thermal conductivity of various nanofluids. Journal of Molecular Liquids 265, 181–188.##

Ahmed, N., A. Tassaddiq, R. Alabdan, U. Adnan, Khan, S. Noor, S. T. Mohyud-Din and I. Khan (2019). Applications of Nanofluids for the Thermal Enhancement in Radiative and Dissipative Flow over a Wedge. Applied Sciences 9(10), 1976.##

Akilu, S., K. V. Sharma, A. T. Baheta and R. Mamat (2016). A review of thermophysical properties of water based composite nanofluids. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 66, 654–678.##

Aladdin, N. A. L. and N. Bachok (2021). Duality Solutions in Hydromagnetic Flow of SWCNT-MWCNT/Water Hybrid Nanofluid over Vertical Moving Slender Needle. Mathematics 9(22), 2927.##

Ali, N., J. A. Teixeira and A. Addali (2018). A Review on Nanofluids: Fabrication, Stability, and Thermophysical Properties. Journal of Nanomaterials 2018, 1–33.##

Anuar, N. S., N. Bachok and I. Pop (2021). Influence of MHD Hybrid Ferrofluid Flow on Exponentially Stretching/Shrinking Surface with Heat Source/Sink under Stagnation Point Region. Mathematics 9(22), 2932.##

Bhandari, A. (2021). Unsteady flow and heat transfer of the ferrofluid between two shrinking disks under the influence of magnetic field. Pramana 95(2), 89.##

Bognár, G. and K. Hriczó (2020). Numerical Simulation of Water Based Ferrofluid Flows along Moving Surfaces. Processes 8(7), 830.##

Choi, S. U. S. and J. A. Eastman (1995). Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nanoparticles. ASME Fluids Engineering Division 231, 99–106.##

Colla, L., L. Fedele, M. Scattolini and S. Bobbo (2012). Water-Based Fe₂O₃ Nanofluid Characterization: Thermal Conductivity and Viscosity Measurements and Correlation. Advances in Mechanical Engineering 4, 674947.##

Devendiran, D. K. and V. A. Amirtham (2016). A review on preparation, characterization, properties and applications of nanofluids. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 60, 21–40.##

Gaviln, C. (2010). Turbulence, Vibrations, Noise and Fluid Instabilities. Practical Approach. In H. Woo (Ed.), Computational Fluid Dynamics. InTech.##

Genc, S. and B. Derin (2014). Synthesis and rheology of ferrofluids: A review. Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering 3, 118–124.##

Gul, A., I. Khan, S. Shafie, A. Khalid and A. Khan (2015). Heat Transfer in MHD Mixed Convection Flow of a Ferrofluid along a Vertical Channel. PLOS ONE 10(11), e0141213.##

Guoxin, H., G. Xiwu, H. Hao, F. Haojie and W. Zheng (2008). Experimental studies on flow and pyrolysis of coal with solid heat carrier in a modified rotating cone reactor. Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification 47(9–10), 1777–1785.##

Hamid, R. A., R. Nazar, K. Naganthran and I. Pop (2022). Dusty ferrofluid transport phenomena towards a non-isothermal moving surface with viscous dissipation. Chinese Journal of Physics 75, 139–151.##

Harris, S. D., D. B. Ingham and I. Pop (2009). Mixed Convection Boundary-Layer Flow Near the Stagnation Point on a Vertical Surface in a Porous Medium: Brinkman Model with Slip. Transport in Porous Media 77(2), 267–285.##

Hemmat Esfe, M., E. Hosseinizadeh and M. Mosaferi (2020). Investigation on nanofluid flooding effect on enhancement oil recovery process in a random pore distribution incomplete cone. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 117, 104629.##

Hering, R. G. and R. J. Grosh (1963). Laminar Combined Convection From a Rotating Cone. Journal of Heat Transfer 85(1), 29–34.##

Jalili, B., P. Jalili, S. Sadighi and D. D. Ganji (2021). Effect of magnetic and boundary parameters on flow characteristics analysis of micropolar ferrofluid through the shrinking sheet with effective thermal conductivity. Chinese Journal of Physics 71, 136–150.##

Jusoh, R., R. Nazar and I. Pop (2018). Magnetohydrodynamic rotating flow and heat transfer of ferrofluid due to an exponentially permeable stretching/shrinking sheet. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 465, 365–374.##

Karuppasamy, M., R. Saravanan, M. Chandrasekaran and V. Muthuraman (2020). Numerical exploration of heat transfer in a heat exchanger tube with cone shape inserts and Al2O3 and CuO nanofluids. Materials Today: Proceedings 21, 940–947.##

Khairul, M. A., E. Doroodchi, R. Azizian and B. Moghtaderi (2017). Advanced applications of tunable ferrofluids in energy systems and energy harvesters: A critical review. Energy Conversion and Management 149, 660–674.##

Khan, M. I., F. Alzahrani and A. Hobiny (2020). Simulation and modeling of second order velocity slip flow of micropolar ferrofluid with Darcy–Forchheimer porous medium. Journal of Materials Research and Technology 9(4), 7335–7340.##

Khashi’ie, N. S., I. Waini, N. M. Ari and I. Pop (2021). Unsteady squeezing flow of Cu-Al₂O₃/water hybrid nanofluid in a horizontal channel with magnetic field. Scientific Reports 11(1), 14128.##

Kierzenka, J. and L. F. Shampine (2001). A BVP solver based on residual control and the Maltab PSE. ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software 27(3), 299–316.##

Kole, M. and S. Khandekar (2021). Engineering applications of ferrofluids: A review. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 537, 168222.##

Kolsi, L., S. Dero, L. A. Lund, U. F. Alqsair, M. Omri and S. U. Khan (2021). Thermal stability and performances of hybrid nanoparticles for convective heat transfer phenomenon with multiple solutions. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering 28, 101684.##

Kumar, A., M. Kumar and S. Chamoli (2016). Comparative study for thermal-hydraulic performance of circular tube with inserts. Alexandria Engineering Journal 55(1), 343–349.##

Kumar, A. and S. Subudhi (2018). Preparation, characteristics, convection and applications of magnetic nanofluids: A review. Heat and Mass Transfer 54(2), 241–265.##

Kumari, M., I. Pop and G. Nath (1989). Mixed convection along a vertical cone. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 16(2), 247–255.##

Mabood, F. and A. T. Akinshilo (2021). Stability analysis and heat transfer of hybrid Cu-Al2O3/H2O nanofluids transport over a stretching surface. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 123, 105215.##

Mallikarjuna, B., A. M. Rashad, A. J. Chamkha and S. H. Raju (2016). Chemical reaction effects on MHD convective heat and mass transfer flow past a rotating vertical cone embedded in a variable porosity regime. Afrika Matematika 27(3–4), 645–665.##

Maradiya, C., J. Vadher and R. Agarwal (2018). The heat transfer enhancement techniques and their Thermal Performance Factor. Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 7(1), 1–21.##

Marszałł, M. P. (2011). Application of Magnetic Nanoparticles in Pharmaceutical Sciences. Pharmaceutical Research 28(3), 480–483.##

Maxwell, J. C. (1873). A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism. Clarendon Press.##

Merkin, J. H. (1986). On dual solutions occurring in mixed convection in a porous medium. Journal of Engineering Mathematics 20(2), 171–179.##

Mohamed, M. K. A., N. A. Ismail, N. Hashim, N. M. Shah and M. Z. Salleh (2019). MHD Slip Flow and Heat Transfer on Stagnation Point of a Magnetite (Fe3O4 ) Ferrofluid towards a Stretching Sheet with Newtonian Heating. CFD Letters 11(1), 17–27.##

Mohamed, M. K. A., S. H. M. Yasin and M. Z. Salleh (2021). Slip Effects on MHD Boundary Layer Flow over a Flat Plate in Casson Ferrofluid. Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 88(1), 49–57.##

Nayak, M. K., A. Patra, S. Shaw and A. Misra (2021). Entropy optimized Darcy‐Forchheimer slip flow of Fe3O4−CH2OH2 nanofluid past a stretching/shrinking rotating disk. Heat Transfer 50(3), 2454–2487.##

Nkurikiyimfura, I., Y. Wang and Z. Pan (2013). Heat transfer enhancement by magnetic nanofluids—A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 21, 548–561.##

Palanisamy, K. and P. C. Mukesh Kumar (2019). Experimental investigation on convective heat transfer and pressure drop of cone helically coiled tube heat exchanger using carbon nanotubes/water nanofluids. Heliyon 5(5), e01705.##

Prasad, A. R., D. S. Singh and D. H. Nagar (2017). A Review on Nanofluids: Properties and Applications 3(3), 25.##

Purandare, P. S., M. M. Lele and R. K. Gupta (2015). Investigation on thermal analysis of conical coil heat exchanger. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 90, 1188–1196.##

Qasim, M., Z. H. Khan, W. A. Khan and I. Ali Shah (2014). MHD Boundary Layer Slip Flow and Heat Transfer of Ferrofluid along a Stretching Cylinder with Prescribed Heat Flux. PLoS ONE 9(1), e83930.##

Raju, C. S. K., M. M Hoque, N. N. Anika, S. U. Mamatha and P. Sharma (2017). Natural convective heat transfer analysis of MHD unsteady Carreau nanofluid over a cone packed with alloy nanoparticles. Powder Technology, 317 408–416.##

Raju, C. S. K. and N. Sandeep (2017). Unsteady Casson nanofluid flow over a rotating cone in a rotating frame filled with ferrous nanoparticles: A numerical study. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 421, 216–224.##

Rashad, A. M., B. Mallikarjuna, A. J. Chamkha and S. H. Raju (2016). Thermophoresis effect on heat and mass transfer from a rotating cone in a porous medium with thermal radiation. Afrika Matematika, 27(7–8), 1409–1424.##

Rasli, N. and N. Ramli (2021). Magnetohydrodynamic Flow and Heat Transfer Over an Exponentially Stretching/Shrinking Sheet in Ferrofluids. Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology, 29(3).##

Saidur, R., K. Y. Leong and H. A. Mohammed (2011). A review on applications and challenges of nanofluids. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(3), 1646–1668.##

Saranya, S., Q. M. Al-Mdallal and S. Javed (2021). Shifted Legendre Collocation Method for the Solution of Unsteady Viscous-Ohmic Dissipative Hybrid Ferrofluid Flow over a Cylinder. Nanomaterials 11(6), 1512.##

Shampine, L. F., I. Gladwell and S. Thompson (2003). Solving ODEs with MATLAB (1st ed.). Cambridge University Press.##

Shampine, L. F., J. Kierzenka and M. W. Reichelt (2004). Solving Boundary Value Problems for Ordinary Diﬀerential Equations in MATLAB with bvp4c. MATLAB File Exchange. ##

Stephen, P. S. (1965). Low viscosity magnetic fluid obtained by the colloidal suspension of magnetic particles (Patent No. 3215572).##

Sulochana, C., G. P. Ashwinkumar and N. Sandeep (2018). Boundary layer analysis of persistent moving horizontal needle in magnetohydrodynamic ferrofluid: A numerical study. Alexandria Engineering Journal 57(4), 2559–2566.##

Takabi, B. and S. Salehi (2015). Augmentation of the Heat Transfer Performance of a Sinusoidal Corrugated Enclosure by Employing Hybrid Nanofluid. Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 6, 147059.##

Tshivhi, K. S. and O. D. Makinde (2021). Magneto-nanofluid coolants past heated shrinking/stretching surfaces: Dual solutions and stability analysis. Results in Engineering 10, 100229.##

Uddin, Z., K. S. Vishwak and S. Harmand (2021). Numerical duality of MHD stagnation point flow and heat transfer of nanofluid past a shrinking/stretching sheet: Metaheuristic approach. Chinese Journal of Physics 73, 442–461.##

Wahid, N. S., N. M. Arifin, N. S. Khashi’ie and I. Pop (2021). Mixed convection of a three-dimensional stagnation point flow on a vertical plate with surface slip in a hybrid nanofluid. Chinese Journal of Physics 74, 129–143.##

Weidman, P. D., D. G. Kubitschek and A. M. J. Davis (2006). The effect of transpiration on self-similar boundary layer flow over moving surfaces. International Journal of Engineering Science 44(11–12), 730–737.##

Yahaya, R. I., N. Md Arifin, S. S. P. Mohamed Isa and M. M. Rashidi (2021). Magnetohydrodynamics boundary layer flow of micropolar fluid over an exponentially shrinking sheet with thermal radiation: Triple solutions and stability analysis. Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 44(13), 10578–10608.##

Yu, W. and H. Xie (2012). A Review on Nanofluids: Preparation, Stability Mechanisms, and Applications. Journal of Nanomaterials 2012, 1–17.##